Status of residual IgG diphtheria antitoxin among people aged 5 - 40 years in Khanh Hoa province and prevention measures

Authors

  • Đỗ Thái Hùng Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa
  • Đào Thế Anh Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa
  • Đinh Thanh Hằng Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa
  • Lê Hoàng Thiệu Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa
  • Hoàng Tiến Thanh Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa
  • Lê Xuân Huy Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa
  • Nguyễn Đình Lượng Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa
  • Nguyễn Kỳ Nhật Minh Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa
  • Tôn Thất Toàn Khanh Hoa Center for Disease Control
  • Lê Hồng Quân Khanh Hoa Department of Health
  • Lay Myint Yoshida Nagasaki University, Japan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51403/0868-2836/2023/939

Keywords:

Antibodies, diphtheria, antibody levels, infectious diseases, Khanh Hoa

Abstract

Diphtheria is a contagious and potentially fatal disease caused by the Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria’s toxin. In recent years, diphtheria outbreaks have appeared in some provinces in Vietnam’s Central and Highland regions. The study aimed to describe the current status of residual IgG diphtheria antitoxin among people aged 5 - 40 years in Khanh Hoa province and propose measures to prevent a diphtheria epidemic. The study was conducted on 1,195 subjects from 08 districts/cities of Khanh Hoa province from September 2021 to February 2023. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify the concentration of IgG diphtheria antitoxin in sera. The results showed that the percentage of people with adequate or long-term anti-diphtheria antibody levels was low (26.69%). The age group 5 - 10 has the highest average geometric mean concentration (GMC) - at an adequate protection level of 0.14IU/ml (except for the 5 – 10 year age group in Khanh Son district). The GMC fell to a partially protective level (< 0.1IU/ml) in most of the older age groups in all study sites. Recommended diphtheria prevention measures for Khanh Hoa province include organizing booster vaccination campaigns for at-risk age groups and areas; maintaining a high rate of regular vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccines according to the vaccination schedule of the National Expanded Program on Immunization, giving booster vaccinations to the age group over 10 when there is a risk of an outbreak, strengthening health education on disease prevention.

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Published

16-05-2023

How to Cite

Hùng, Đỗ T. ., Anh, Đào T. ., Hằng, Đinh T. ., Thiệu, L. H. ., Thanh, H. T. ., Huy, L. X. ., Lượng, N. Đình ., Minh, N. K. N. ., Toàn, T. T. ., Quân, L. H. ., & Yoshida, L. M. . (2023). Status of residual IgG diphtheria antitoxin among people aged 5 - 40 years in Khanh Hoa province and prevention measures. Vietnam Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.51403/0868-2836/2023/939

Issue

Section

Original Papers

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