The co-infection rate of HIV and syphilis and some related factors in men who have sex with men in the Mekong Delta region between 2015 and 2022

Abstract

The co-infection rate of HIV-syphilis is rising among men who have sex with men (MSM) globally and in Vietnam. This study used data from HIV sentinel surveillance plus behaviour surveys through cross - sectional studies conducted from 2015 to 2022 to determine the rate of HIV-syphilis co-infection and describe some related associated factors among MSM in the Mekong Delta Region including Can Tho, An Giang, and Kien Giang. The results indicated an increasing trend in the prevalence of HIV-syphilis co-infection (0.5% - 3.1%; p-trend < 0.001) among MSM. Multivariable regression analysis identified three factors associated with HIV-syphilis coinfection: receiving free condoms in the past 6 months (adjusted Odds Ratio) = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37 - 0.88; p = 0.010); using a condom at the last sexual intercourse (aOR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.17 - 3.08; p = 0.010); and having ever received Antiretroviral therapy (aOR = 10.64; 95% CI: 5.57 - 20.29; p < 0.001). It is essential to enhance communication and harm reduction programs to reduce the transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among MSM.