Mortality and economic burden of PM2.5 on cardiovascular disease in Ho Chi Minh City in 2018

Abstract

The study aimed to develop a map of the PM2.5 concentrations distribution and assess the impact of PM2.5 on cardiovascular mortality in Ho Chi Minh City in 2018. The PM2.5 distribution was built between the combination of monitoring 96 points in the wet and dry season throughout Ho Chi Minh City using the low-cost AirBeam2 monitoring device and IDW interpolation algorithm. The effects of PM2.5 on cardiovascular mortality as well as economic effects were estimated using the BenMAP model based on the A6/YTCS mortality data from the Ministry of Health. In all districts, the annual average PM2.5 concentrations were higher than the WHO air quality standards (PM2.5 < 10µg/m3). PM2.5 affected 6.4% of cardiovascular deaths (327/5.134) and 1.1% of all-cause deaths (327/29.173), and caused 2.942 losses billion VND (accounting for 0.052% of Vietnam's GDP) in 2018. There should be measures to minimize the harmful effects and concentration of PM 2.5 in Ho Chi Minh City.