Tạp chí Y học Dự phòng

Evaluation of IgG antibody response to diphtheria toxin one month after tetanusdiphtheria vaccination among 7-years-old children in a mountainous district in the Northern region of Viet Nam in 2020

Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Under the outbreak of diphtheria disease mostly among preschool and primary school children, following the recommendations of WHO, Vietnam has implemented a second booster dose of diphtheria vaccine since 2019 for children at 7 years old in some at-risk provinces. This study evaluated the IgG antibody response to diphtheria toxid in a group of 7-year-old children living in Tran Yen district, Yen Bai province, after receiving one dose of Tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine with reduced diphtheria toxoid in 2020. The study involved community intervention, monitoring 98 7 yearold children who received the Td vaccine to compare the proportion of children with a full protective antibody level (antibody concentration ≥ 0.1IU/mL) before and one month after vaccination. The results showed that the proportion of children with a protective antibody level against diphtheria toxin increased from 35% to 95% one month after vaccination. The intervention coefficient was 171%. 80% of children achieved long-term protective antibody levels (≥ 1.0IU/mL). The Td vaccine helped children achieve full and long-term protective antibody levels, even in those without the complete primary vaccination series and those with only baseline or no protection levels. Vaccinating 7-year-old children in areas with limited vaccination coverage and no actual circulating diphtheria cases is effective and necessary to prevent disease outbreaks. The study’s results suggest the Ministry of Health should consider including the Td vaccine in the Expanded Immunization Program for regular vaccination for 7-year-old children instead of approving current annual plans.

The neutralization antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 during COVID-19 outbreak in Da Nang, Vietnam, July - August 2020

Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Beside molecular tests (realtime RT-PCR) which known as the golden key for SARS-CoV-2 confirmation, antibody test can be used to determine the responses in human antibody to SARS-CoV-2 and the result of plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) could identify the people who have been exposed with the SARS-CoV-2 and carried the neutralization antibody. Total 9936 samples were collected in 3 groups healthcare workers, inpatients (not related to COVID-19 before) and community in Da Nang city during July-August 2020. These cross sectional results showed that the rate of neutralization antibody in three groups in this research was 0.2%, in that, 0.1% in community, 0.2% in inpatient and 0.4% in healthcare workers. Follow-up study with 1253 paired sera of healthcare workers, the rate of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization antibody was determined as 2.1%. A downward trend of this neutralization antibody overtime has been shown in the study.

SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among workers after a COVID-19 outbreak in POYUN company, Hai Duong province, Vietnam, 2021

Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

In late January 2021, there was a community outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 at Poyun Electronics Ltd. company in Chi Linh City, Hai Duong province, Vietnam. In response, the national vaccination program was implemented for the entire Vietnamese population. To better understand the correlation between people who were infected with SARS CoV-2 and those who received the vaccine, we conducted a serology study on Poyun company workers seven months later the COVID-19 outbreak in March 2021. Our study involved collecting serum samples and conducting ELISA tests to detect antibodies against the S and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2. We also collected information on infection and vaccination through a questionnaire. The study included 881 participants, in that 184 were COVID-19 patients and 697 were not. Of the participants, 806 had received one/two shots of the COVID-19 vaccine, of whom 60.7% had received
the BBIBP-CorV the antibody against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among non-infected Poyun company workers, more than ninety percent had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies three weeks after 1 or 2 shots of vaccination. This study is the first report to provide initial information about antibody development against SARS-CoV-2 induced by natural infection and COVID-19 vaccination in the Vietnamese community.

Assessment of nutritional status - related factors among students at Cuu Long University, Vietnam

Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Nutrition is the most important factor for humans to survive, to grow, and to be active. Nutritional care for the community is a key to health for each age group. It has rarely been found studies on nutritional status among university students in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. This study aims to assess the nutritional status-related factors among students at Cuu Long University. Being a cross sectional research study, the subjects of the study consisted of 329 students in 6 majors. They were recruited using a systematic and multistage sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews and data collection were conducted through a questionnaire. Nutritional status was measured based on BMI. Minitab 20 was used to describe and analyze the data. The chi-square test was used at p = 0.05. The findings showed that the percentage of students with nutritional status according to BMI CED level (Chronic Energy Deficiency) – thin was 24.32% with CED grade 1 was 14.29% and CED grade 2 was 7.29% and CED grade 3 was 2.74%; the percentage of students with nutritional status according to BMI level of overweight - Obesity was 13.98%, of which obesity was 3.04% with obesity grade 1 was 2.43% and obesity grade 2 was 0.61%. The findings also showed that students’ majors, gender, sleep duration, and playing sports were four factors associated with the students’ nutritional status. Appropriate measures should be taken to improve the nutritional status of students.

Readiness of dentists in providing oral health care for HIV/AIDS patients: Insights from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Hoang Trong Hung, Tran Duy Quan, Dao Quang Khai, Nguyen Minh Khanh — Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Limited research has been conducted to identify barriers to dentists’readiness in providing oral health care for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) in Southeast Asia and Viet Nam. This study aimed to evaluate the readiness of dentists in providing oral health care for PLWH in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A total of 414 dentists participated in this cross sectional study, with an average age of 39.17 ± 11.52 years and an average professional experience of 14.10 ± 11.37 years. The online fill-in-the-blank questionnaire with 10 items related to dentists’readiness in providing oral health care services for PLWH was sent to the study participants. Results revealed that 35.75% of dentists were willing to treat HIV/AIDS patients, 41.30% held neutral opinions, and 22.95% were unwilling. The majority of dentists (77.29%) were aware of ART therapy, but only 4.83% perceived themselves as having adequate knowledge of each treatment protocol for HIV/AIDS patients. Additionally, 22.71% had no knowledge of ART therapy. Concerningly, 77.05% believed in the risk of transmission during ART treatment, with varying perceptions of risk: 18.60% high, 16.18% moderate, and 42.27% low. Furthermore, 10.14% perceived almost no risk, and 12.80% were unsure or lacked knowledge. Dentists’opinions about providing oral health care for people living with HIV/AIDS will offer valuable insights for developing strategies tailored to this special community.

Characteristics of acute diarrhea under the sentinel surveillance system at the Vietnam National Children’s Hospital from 2018 to 2022

Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The study describes a sentinel diarrhea surveillance system at the Vietnam National Children’s Hospital from 2018 - 2022, characterizing the epidemiology of acute diarrhea (AD) due to rotavirus (RV) and identifying circulating RV strains. Of 4,765 AD cases, 861 were positive for RV, accounting for 18.07%. The disease appeared in all months, peaking in the winter-spring months (from October to March of the following year). The groups of children aged 6 - 11 months, 12 - 23 months, and 6 weeks-6 months had the highest number of cases, but the highest positive rate is 24 - 47 months old. About 24% of RV patients under 2 years of age have already been vaccinated, while this proportion among 3 - 5 years of age patients is 41%. Dehydration and no dehydration account for 96,7%, while severe dehydration only accounts for 3.3%, the prevalent RV types identified were G3P[8], G8P[8], G1P[8], G9P[8], which account for 50.7%, 20.6%, 11.4%, and 9%, respectively and changed annually. It is necessary to implement RV vaccines in the Expanded Program on Immunization. Meanwhile maintaining an RV sentinel surveillance system and continuing research on the effectiveness of RV vaccines in Viet Nam are also critical for controlling RV in Vietnam.

Construction of SARS-CoV-2 full - length S gene with point mutations relevant for COVID-19 vaccine strain candidate

Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

To overcome the pandemic of COVID-19, prevent the disease or its post-conditions effectively, a vaccine with the updates of viral strains is needed. The full S gene encoding the glycoprotein spike of SARS-CoV-2 was recommended for vaccine production by the World Health Organization. To create a vaccine strain candidate for a COVID-19, we have cloned the full-length S gene of the SARS-CoV 2 containing mutations that improve thermal stability of the protein (HexaPro) and three strain-specific mutations of D614G, L452R and E484Q that are present in rapidly and widely circulating variants. The fragments of the full-length S gene were first amplified from the two commercial plasmids, in which one plasmid contains the HexaPro mutations and the other was used to amplify the 3’ fragment of the gene, these fragments were then assembled. Strain-specific mutations were generated using primers with mutations. The measles (MeV) overlaping sequences and AscI (5’- GCGCGC-3’) restriction sites were also added to the two ends of the S gene. The full length of the cloned S gene with mutations and restriction sites was confirmed by sequencing and is ready to be inserted into the measles backbone for creating a chimeric genome of MeV_SARS CoV-2.

Status of hepatitis B birth dose vaccination coverage in Vietnam during 2020 - 2022

Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

A descriptive cross-sectional study in 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam during 2020 - 2022 was conducted to describe the current status of hepatitis B birth dose vaccination in Vietnam. The results showed that the proportion of hepatitis B birth dose (HepB-BD) vaccination in this period was 83.2%, of which the proportion of HepB-BD vaccination within 24 hours and after 24 hours of birth was 78.9% and 4.3% respectively. For socio-economic regions, the highest proportion of HepB-BD vaccination was 90.9% in the Red River Delta and the lowest was 72.3% in the Central Highlands. The proportion of HepB-BD vaccination within 24 hours was less than 70.0% in Central Highlands during 2020 - 2022. The proportion of HepB-BD vaccination in Vietnam in the period 2020 - 2022 was high, with uneven changes between years and socio-economic regions. It is necessary to increase the proportion of HepB-BD vaccination, especially within 24 hours after birth.

Current situation of full vaccination with basic vaccines in children under 1 year old in Vietnam during 2017 - 2022

Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

A cross-sectional study in 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam (2017 - 2022) was conducted to describe the current situation of full vaccination with basic vaccines in children under 1 year old in Vietnam during 2017 - 2022. The study results showed that the proportion of full vaccination with basic vaccines in children under 1 year old during 2017 - 2022 was 93.1%, still not reached the target of ≥ 95%, and decreased to only 90.7% in the 2020 - 2022 period, when Vietnam was under pressure from the COVID-19 pandemic. There were differences in this proportion between regions/areas and between times before or during the COVID-19 epidemic. It is necessary to increase attention and investment in the expanded vaccination activities, providing adequate vaccines, supplies and equipment, as well as improving the quality of human resources in the preventive health system to meet the increasing needs of child health protection, be ready to adapt to other difficulties that may be encountered in the future.

Relationship between PiCCO parameters and achieving target blood pressure in early resuscitation of patients with septic shock at Khanh Hoa general hospital, Khanh Hoa province in 2023

Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Hemodynamic resuscitation guided by the Pulse Contour Cardiac Output (PiCCO) system is an advanced, reliable and minimally invasive method. In prospective interventional study, 40 patients with septic shock admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Khanh Hoa General Hospital from August 2022 to September 2023. Measure PiCCO parameters at several times. The rate of achieving target blood pressure at the time 1 hour (T1) was 87.5% (n = 35), at the time 3 hours (T3) was 90.0% (n = 36). At T1 and T3, Global End-Diastolic Volume Index (GEDVI), Extravascular Lung Water Index (EVLWI) and Systemic Vascular Resistance Index (SVRI) were related to achieving target blood pressure (p < 0.05). At T1, there were significant differences exist between two groups: GEDVI (764.2 ± 172.8 vs 659.4 ± 26.5mL/m2, p = 0.02); EVLWI (10.4 ± 2.6 vs 13.9 ± 2.79mL/kg, p = 0.02); SVRI (1658.8 ± 594.1 vs 1094.8 ± 135.2DS/ cm5/m2, p = 0.01). At T3, after urgent resuscitation, the significant differences between groups were: GEDVI (756.3 ± 141.1 vs 668.0 ± 10.3mL/m2, p = 0.01); EVLWI (10.9 ± 2.9 vs 14.1 ± 1.8mL/kg, p = 0.03); SVRI (1676.67 ± 628.3 vs 1127 ± 370.3DS/cm5/m2, p = 0.049). Early resuscitation according to the guidance of the PiCCO system helps achieve target blood pressure better in patients with septic shock. GEDVI, EVLWI and SVRI are indexes on the PiCCO system related to achieving target blood pressure.